Klystrons

Structure & Principle of operation

Electrons emitted from the cathode are accelerated by the anode and enter the input cavity.
The electrons may be accelerated (positive phase) or decelerated (negative phase) depending on the phase of the microwave input from the input cavity. (This is known as velocity modulation.)
Accelerated and decelerated electrons become grouped (density modulation) while passing through a uniform electric field in the interaction section, and gradually become bunched.
The bunched electrons are gradually enlarged by self-induced microwave fields in the middle cavity section.
Finally, as the bunched electron beam passes through the output cavity, it induces a strong alternating electric field, which is output through the output window as an amplified microwave.

Structure & Principle of operation

Core Technology1 Core Technology2 Core Technology3

Enhance η efficiency by lowering perveance K
Overall beam current is increased through multiple beams. Also accommodates low-voltage driving.

Complex design simulation technology is required to combine multiple electronic beam characteristics.